Number of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons in an Atom

The three parts of an atom are positive-charged protons, negative-charged electrons, and neutral neutrons. Follow these simple steps to find the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons for an atom of any element. Key Takeaways: Number of Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons Atoms are made of protons, neutrons, and electrons.Protons carry a positive electrical change, while electrons are negatively charged, and neutrons are neutral.A neutral atom has the same number of protons and electrons (charges cancel each other out).An ion has an unequal number of protons and electrons. If the charge is positive, there are more protons than electrons. If the charge is negative, electrons are in excess.You can find the number of neutrons if you know the isotope of the atom. Simply subtract the number of protons (the atomic number) from the mass number to find the remaining neutrons. Get Basic Information About Elements Youll need to gather basic information about the elements to find the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Fortunately, all you need is a periodic table. For any atom, what you need to remember is: Number of Protons Atomic Number of the Element Number of Electrons Number of Protons Number of Neutrons Mass Number - Atomic Number Find the Number of Protons Each element is defined by the number of protons found in each of its atoms. No matter how many electrons or neutrons an atom has, the element is defined by its number of protons. In fact, its actually possible to have an atom consisting of only a proton (ionized hydrogen). The periodic table is arranged in order of increasing atomic number, so the number of protons is the element number. For hydrogen, the number of protons is 1. For zinc, the number of protons is 30. The element of an atom with 2 protons is always helium. If you are given the atomic weight of an atom, you need to subtract the number of neutrons to get the number of protons. Sometimes you can tell the elemental identity of a sample if all you have is the atomic weight. For example, if you have a sample with an atomic weight of 2, you can be pretty certain the element is hydrogen. Why? Its easy to get a hydrogen atom with one proton and one neutron (deuterium), yet you wont find a helium atom with an atomic weight of 2 because this would mean the helium atom had two protons and zero neutrons! If the atomic weight is 4.001, you can be confident the atom is helium, with 2 protons and 2 neutrons. An atomic weight closer to 5 is more troublesome. Is it lithium, with 3 protons and 2 neutrons? Is it beryllium with 4 protons and 1 neutron? If youre not told the element name or its atomic number, its hard to know the correct answer. Find the Number of Electrons For a neutral atom, the number of electrons is the same as the number of protons. Often, the number of protons and electrons is not the same, so the atom carries a net positive or negative charge. You can determine the number of electrons in an ion if you know its charge. A cation carries a positive charge and has more protons than electrons. An anion carries a negative charge and has more electrons than protons. Neutrons do not have a net electric charge, so the number of neutrons does not matter in the calculation. The number of protons of an atom cannot change via any chemical reaction, so you add or subtract electrons to get the correct charge.  If an ion has a 2 charge, like Zn2, this means there are two more protons than electrons. 30 - 2 28 electrons If the ion has a 1- charge (simply written with a minus superscript), then there are more electrons than the number of protons. For F-, the number of protons (from the periodic table) is 9 and the number of electrons is: 9 1 10 electrons Find the Number of Neutrons To find the number of neutrons in an atom, you need to find the mass number for each element.  The periodic table lists the atomic weight for each element, which can be used to find mass number, For hydrogen, for example, the atomic weight is 1.008. Each atom has an integer number of neutrons, but the periodic table gives a decimal value because it is a weighted average of the number of neutrons in the isotopes of each element. So, what you need to do is round the atomic weight to the nearest whole number to get a mass number for your calculations.  For hydrogen, 1.008 is closer to 1 than 2, so lets call it 1. Number of Neutrons Mass Number - Number of Protons   1 - 1 0 For zinc, the atomic weight  is 65.39, so the mass number is closest to 65. Number of Neutrons 65 - 30 35

Bmw Motivation and Reward Systems - 1118 Words

5.0 EFFECT OF REVIEW OF THE PAYMENT SYSTEM ON THE MANAGEMENT OF THE APPRAISAL SYSTEM PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL SYSTEM According to Dailey (2003:4/3), an organisation s performance appraisal system is defined as a process which generates valid information about employee work effectiveness for the purpose of making informed HRM decisions. Organisations must evaluate employee performance for a number of reasons:  · Employees need to understand the behavioural requirements of the job  · Employees work is evaluated for its contributions to company goals  · Employees need to know where they stand within the organization in terms of their performance  · Employees motivation to do a good job is increased by the performance appraisal†¦show more content†¦Goals should be specific, measurable, achievable, resource-based and time-specific (SMART). When goals lack these properties, they have less motivational impact because employees lose interest in them.  · The fourth element indicates that employee commitment and acceptance of goals creates the behavioural intentions to strive for the pre-established goals. Intention is directly related to both properties. Employee intentions are deepened by the clear specification of the relationship between rewards and the goals in question  · The fifth element in the model specifies the employee and organizational outcomes resulting from the process. Properly managed goal-setting systems having adequate and timely formal and informal feedback generate task performance that is valued by the organization and its employees. Employees receive valued personal rewards (recognition, pay rises, bonuses, promotions, status etc), which create job satisfaction, and increased work motivation, which in turn deepens the commitment to goal setting. 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Informative Speech Study Drugs and College Students Essay

Informative Speech Study Drugs and College Students I. Introduction A. Attention Getter: I reached into my backpack, grabbed an Adderall, and went to the bathroom. I smashed it on the bathroom sink and snorted it. I went back to my class and zipped through the rest of my exam, and it made all the difference. This student incident was found in a 2005 article published by Baylor University on the alarming use of â€Å"study drugs.† B. Thesis: Many of you may be unfamiliar with such a topic, so today I will cover the mysterious world of study drugs and the hidden dangers associated with them. C. Significance to Audience: Most of us are here because we all want to transfer to the best school as possible. And we will do whatever it†¦show more content†¦i. Sub3 point: But unlike the calming effects the medication produces in people with this disorder, individuals without ADHD will experience higher energy, extreme confidence boost and be able to hyper focus, as stated in Rod Calvin’s book Prescription Drug Addiction. 2. Sub Point: Methylphenidate is the next type of drug, marketed under the name Ritalin. a. Sub-Sub point: It is similar to Adderall in various as to how it effects the brain, for it is also a stimulant compound that affects the motor activity of the central nervous system. Transition: So those are the most common types of study drugs, and now to explore why non ADHD people would take. C. Main Point: Simply to put it, people take them to improve focus, energy gain an extreme edge against their academic competition. 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Camelina a Market Forecast and Strategy Report Free Essays

Camelina: a Market Forecast and Strategy Report 40 graphs and charts Camelina: a Market Forecast and Strategy Report 40 graphs and charts Published March 2010 From Biomass Advisors, a Biofuels Digest company Camelina has been much in the news of late, as a biofuels feedstock of strong promise, because of its position as one of the few â€Å"sustainable, affordable, reliable, available† feedstocks suitable for aviation biofuels. In November, KLM Royal Dutch Airlines made the first biofuels test flight with passengers on board, powering one engine with a mixture containing biofuel made from Camelina. Great Plains – The Camelina Company provided some of the Camelina used to make the fuel for this flight. We will write a custom essay sample on Camelina: a Market Forecast and Strategy Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now Earlier, camelina was one of the feedstocks powering the Japan Airlines biofuels test, while the U. S. military has performed ground engine tests on camelina-based jet fuel in preparation for FA-18 Hornet fighter jet flights planned for this spring. Biofuels Digest has covered the camelina story in 71 different stories since 2007. But what’s the bottom line, for the grower, processor, end user, investor or policymaker? Biomass Advisors — a Biofuels Digest company focused on in-depth research — will release its definitive report on camelina in March 2010, including 40 charts and graphs. It’s based on unparalleled access to and cooperation with key stakeholders, on trends in processing, yields, geographies, and the end user markets opening up for high-value animal feed, and liquid transportation fuels (including aviation biofuels). In the report you’ll find the timeliness and perspective expected of the Digest — but with far more depth than a daily newsletter can provide. To reserve a copy or for more information, use this link to email us with â€Å"reserve† or â€Å"more information† in the subject line. Or to order your copy for $495, click on the button below: Table of Contents 1. Overview 1. 1. What is Camelina? 1. 2. Camelina’s development 1. 3. Camelina for the grower: a wheat rotation crop 1. 4. Camelina for the processor: omega-3 rich meal, high-yielding oilseed 1. 5. Camelina for the end user: animal feed, renewable jet fuel, biodiesel 2. Camelina’s Geography 2. 1. Opportunities within the wheat belt 2. 2. Additional opportunities in grazing or idle lands 2. 3. Trial locations and yield patterns 3. Camelina’s Economics 3. 1. Camelina oil: uses and values 3. 2. Camelina meal: uses and values 3. 3. Camelina economics 3. 3. 1. Inputs: fertilizers, herbicies, pesticides, labor 3. 3. 2. Outputs: yields and values 3. 4. Comparison of Camelina to other rotation crops: geography, yields, economics 3. 5. Camelina’s lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions, and sustainability 3. 6. Camelina Subsidies, Incentives, Grants, Mandates and Approvals for Use 3. 6. 1. National 3. 6. 2. State 3. 6. 3. Local 4. The competition: Petroleum Oil Economics 4. 1. Oil market trends and forecasts 4. 2. Camelina end markets size and potential 5. Camelina Production Forecast 5. 1. Oil parity analysis 5. 2. Available land analysis 5. 2. 1. Wheat fields available for rotation 5. 2. 2. Idle land available for Camelina production 5. 3. Agriculture adoption patterns 5. 4. Existing, planned and potential refineries 5. 5. Camelina production forecast 5. 5. 1. Biodiesel 5. 5. 2. Biojet fuel 5. 5. 3. Biolubricants and biomaterials 5. 5. 4. Animal feed 5. 6. Theoretical maximums 5. 7. Potential impact of market distortions 5. 8. Sensitivity analysis 6. Business and Investment Opportunities 6. 1. Transport and logistics 6. 2. Pressing 6. 3. Refining and blending 6. 4. Site selection considerations 6. 4. 1. Current and planned refineries 6. 4. 2. End-market locations and off-take partners 7. Case Studies, Profiles 8. Additional Resources and Information ? How to cite Camelina: a Market Forecast and Strategy Report, Papers

Childrens Pastimes Today and Yesterday free essay sample

Children’s Pastimes, Today and Yesterday Children’s Pastimes, Today and Yesterday Gail Wilson CompositIon I Professor Goar Everest University Online May 26. 2011 Children’s Pastimes, Today and Yesterday Abstract This article will show the differences in Children’s Pastimes Today and Yesterday We will attempt to show you the difference in raising children today from yesterday. This article will show how children are watched over more now as opposed to days gone by due to pedophiles and other issues. Children are not as free now as they once were. Children’s PastimesAfter our target was located, there were a couple pumps to the B. B. gun, the lock and cock, and then the fun of watching our victim dance around holding his bottom. Boy was it entertaining! In the winter we would sled, build snow forts and in the summer we would ride our bikes, swim in the pool and play cowboys and Indians and/or dolls and house. We will write a custom essay sample on Childrens Pastimes Today and Yesterday or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, even though we were wild and a bit adventurous, nothing we did was mean or malicious; it was a time when kids could be kids. Our imagination and energy was running full steam ahead, which allowed plenty of exercise. We stayed active because our only other option was television and the three channels of news for our viewing pleasure. † Children, TV, And Violence â€Å"America has the largest crime rate in the world. Along with that crime rate is also the substantially high violence rate. Why? Why is violence becoming and everyday common happening in our society? When you flip on the Children’s Pastimes Today and Yesterday television and tune into the news, the highlight of every show is somehow directly related or connected to violence. We see it every evening and perhaps say Oh my gosh, how terrible. and then forget all about it two minutes later. â€Å" â€Å"When I think back to my childhood and remember television I remember watching such programs as Sesame Street, Mr. Rogers, and Scooby Doo. I have nothing but pleasant memories filled with happiness, peace, understanding, and learning. When you watch childrens programs today you see senseless violence often as the first means of solving a problem. The classic view of good versus evil is the basis of these shows with violence as the answer. When children watch these programs they copy the actions and morals of these shows depicting good and evil.Children do not know what good is or what evil is, how can they? This world is not broken into good and evil. Evil to children is a possible difficulty. Children must be taught that there are differences in this world. This world is filled with many people holding different beliefs, ideas, and morals. That is what makes this world so unique and colorful. Children need to learn to respect these differences from a very young age. † â€Å" This numbness to violence is very scary and very real. Why is it Australia. Are we not as civilized and advanced as they?I believe it is this numbness to violence that has made America so violent. † Falling Through The Cracks: Children Of Divorce â€Å"Regardless of age, race, sex or religion, divorce has devastating, often long-term, consequences. The immediate effects of divorce, such as hurt, anger and confusion, are evident in both children and adults. The longer-term effects are not so easy to pin point Adults are usually able to articulate their emotions and verbalize their distress, anger, Children’s Pastimes Today and Yesterday pain and confusion to help themselves through this period of transition in their lives.As well, adults have the means and ability to seek outside professional assistance independently. Children on the other hand, are not as likely to have the ability to identify the source or kind of turmoil they are experiencing. Therefore, it is difficult for us, as adults, to be fully aware of the consequences of divorce on our children. It is estimated that nearly one half of children born today will spend time in a single parent household. Although some of these children are born into single parent families, many more are the product of divorce, and are made to endure the conflict and emotional upset that divorce brings about.At this time, when children require stability and emotional support, the pressures of growing up are often impounded by the stress of divorce and family breakdown. When divorce involves children many questions must be an answered questions such as: With whom will the children live? How often will the non-custodial parent have access, and under what circumstances? Although simple to ask, these questions are never easy to answer, and children frequently become pawns in a game of revenge.

Investments and Portfolio Management-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Explain how you can use Investment tools and Concepts to allocate and utilize funding. Discuss and Provide recommendation on the proposals listed in Case Study. Answer: Introduction: The overall assignment mainly aims in helping Mr W for improving its overall return from investment to support its financial obligations in near future. Furthermore, Mr W is facing relative difficulties in securing a high paying job, which is hindering his ability to support its familys requirements. Therefore, Mr W is aiming to increase the overall return from investment by saving the 1.8 million by investing. The assignment portrays the overall investment strategy, which is recommended by Ms Shelly for increasing the overall profitability from investment. Moreover, the second proposal was provided by Mr. Trevor, who recommend for a different type of investments that could help generate higher returns from investment. Profiling: The profiling mainly helps in understanding the overall condition of Mr W, who needs different toes of monetary benefits, which could help in generating higher revenue from investment. Therefore, the main concern of Mr W is to fulfil his family needs, which could only be supported by balanced fund investments. However, there is a possibility, where Mr W will not able to find another high paying job. Moreover, Mr W has some past investment experience, which could hamper its family expenses. Hence, the overall portfolio that is needed by Mr W mainly consists of secure and steady stream of income that could support its long-term course. Two investment proposals: There are two different types of investment schemes, which are provided to Mr W for supporting its overall return from investment. The first investment options were mainly provided by Ms Shellys, who have depicted the investment schemes on PER for a period of 4 years. This investment scheme could mainly allow Mr W to generate the required return of 3% every quarter. This eventually allowed the organisation to generate the required return for supporting its activities. Moreover, the investment allows investors to support its returns, which could help in increasing its profitability. Furthermore, the investment schemes allow the investors to support Mr W financial obligations. Therefore, the fund could allow Mr W to adequately withdraw and increase the fund on each quarter. These measures could mainly allow Mr W to adjust its investment according to his requirements, while increasing or decreasing its investment objectives. Mr Trevors, who mainly states that Mr W should invest of SGD 1 million to GNB, mainly provides the second investment recommendations. The investment in GNB will mainly be tailored, which could directly allow the organisation to generate the required profitability from investment. This could eventually help Mr W to support its future endeavours and activities concerning his activities. Moreover, GNB would maintain an adequate portfolio with a weight of local stocks (45%), cash deposits and foreign currencies (10%), bonds (10%) and foreign stocks including the US and EU (35%). Te recommendation portfolio could mainly allow Mr W to adequately support and generate the return for supporting his familys operations. This recommendation could directly allow the organisation to support its return. Recommendations: The overall appendix 1 mainly helps in identifying the relevant recommendation, which could be used by Mr W for effectively improving the returns from investment. The recommendation is mainly conducted to acquire investments in Mr Trevors suggestion and Ms Shellys. The investments of SGD 1,300,000 could be conducted in GNB portfolio, which will segregate the interments in different weights consisting of local stocks (45%), cash deposits and foreign currencies (10%), bonds (10%) and foreign stocks including the US and EU (35%). Furthermore, the investments in the GNB controlled portfolio could eventually allow Mr W to support its future endeavours. This could eventually help the activities and generate the required return from investment. Furthermore, Mr W could adequately utilise the other SGD 500,000, which might be invested in Ms Shellys proposal. This segregation of the investment could eventually allow Mr W to generate the required return to support its activities. Thus, the segr egation could eventually allow Mr. W could adequately support its activities and reduce the overall risk from investment. In this context, Bodie, Kane Marcus (2014) mentioned that segregation of portfolio mainly allows investors to increase their return from investment and generate higher revenue. Therefore, returns provided by the recommended investment could eventually allow the organisation for generating higher revenue from investment. Potential Outcomes: Moreover, with the help of appendix 1, relevant outcomes from the recommended investment could be identified. Therefore, the investment could provide mainly a return of 9.68% from the investments within 4 years. Hence, the use of recommended investment criteria could allow Mr W to hedge its current exposure and generate the required profitability that could support its activities. The investment opportunities are provided a minimum of 5% and 4% retune, which could mainly allow Mr W to acquire the required retune for supporting his familys expenses in near future. Thus, a long-term investment could be provided on the recommended investment scheme for supporting its superannuation requirements References Bodie, Z., Kane, A., Marcus, A. J. (2014).Investments, 10e. McGraw-Hill Education. Colapinto, C., La Torre, D. (2015). Multiple Criteria Decision Making and Goal Programming for Optimal Venture Capital Investments and Portfolio Management. InMultiple Criteria Decision Making in Finance, Insurance and Investment(pp. 9-30). Springer International Publishing. De, S., Chakraborty, T. (2015). Foreign portfolio investment and stock market volatility in India.Indian Journal of Finance,9(1), 49-59. Hummel, J. M., Oliveira, M. D., e Costa, C. A. B., IJzerman, M. J. (2017). Supporting the Project Portfolio Selection Decision of Research and Development Investments by Means of Multi-Criteria Resource Allocation Modelling. InMulti-Criteria Decision Analysis to Support Healthcare Decisions(pp. 89-103). Springer International Publishing. Jordan, B. (2014).Fundamentals of investments. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Kargi, B. (2014). Portfolio in Turkish economy, and a long termed relation between foreign direct investments and the growth, and the structural breakage analysis (1980-2012). Lahr, H., Mina, A. (2016). Venture capital investments and the technological performance of portfolio firms.Research Policy,45(1), 303-318. Yang, Y., Narayanan, V. K., De Carolis, D. M. (2014). The relationship between portfolio diversification and firm value: The evidence from corporate venture capital activity.Strategic Management Journal,35(13), 1993-2011.